9/12.91 - Form X. اِسْتِفْعَالًا Istef-‘alan

 

Section 12.10 - Form X. اِسْتِفْعَالًا Istef-‘alan

 

Form VIII is called اِسْتِفْعَالًا(is-tef-‘aa-lan).  Past tense of this form is اِسْتَفْعَلَ (is-taf-‘ala) and imperfect tense is يَسْتَفْعِلُ (yas-taf-‘ilu) and its source (Masdar) is اِسْتِفْعَالًا. The benefit of this form is that it also changes the meaning of the Verb from normal action to that of an action with requesting/asking something for yourself. For example, غَفَرَ gha-fa-ra to اِسْتَغْفَرَ is-tagh-fa-ra. غَفَرَ gha-fa-ra means to forgive. When changed to اِسْتَغْفَرَ is-tagh-fa-ra, it means to ask for forgiveness.

The inflections for this are shown in the table below:

 

Table 89 – Form X Past tense اِسْتَفْعَلَ (is-taf-ala) Inflections

			Single		Dual		Plural
Absent 3rd person	Male	1	اِسْتَفْعَلَ   Is-taf- ‘a-la	2	اِسْتَفْعَلَا Is-ta- ‘alaa	3	اِسْتَفْعَلُوْا   Is-taf- ‘aloo
	Female	4	اِسْتَفْعَلَتْ   Is-taf- ‘alat	5	اِسْتَفْعَلَتَا   Is-taf- ‘al-taa	6	اِسْتَفْعَلْنَ  Is-taf- ‘al-na
Present 2nd person	Male	7	اِسْتَفْعَلْتَ   Is-taf- ‘al-ta	8	اِسْتَفْعَلْتُمَا   Is-taf- ‘al-tu-maa	9	اِسْتَفْعَلْتُمْ Is-taf- ‘al-tum
	female	10	اِسْتَفْعَلْتِ   Is-taf- ‘al-ti	11	اِسْتَفْعَلْتُمَا   Is-taf- ‘al-tu-maa	12	اِسْتَفْعَلْتُنَّ   Is-taf-‘al- Tun-na
Speaker 1st person	Male/ female	13	اِسْتَفْعَلْتُ   Is-ta- ‘al-tu	14	اِسْتَفْعَلْنَا   Is-taf-‘al-naa

Table 90 – Form X Imperfect Tense يَسْتَفْعِلُ (yas-taf-ee-lu) Inflections

	Gender		Single		Dual		Plural
Absent 3rd person	Male	1	يَسْتَفْعِلُ   Yas-taf- ‘i-lu	6	يَسْتَفْعِلُانِ   Yas-taf- ‘i-laa-ni	10	يَسْتَفْعِلُوْنَ   Yas-taf- ‘i-loo-na
	Female	2	تَسْتَفْعِلُ   tas-taf- ‘i-lu	7	تَسْتَفْعِلُانِ   tas-taf- ‘i-laa-ni	11	يَسْتَفْعِلُنَ   Yas-taf- ‘il-na
Present 2nd person	Male	3	تَسْتَفْعِلُ   tas-taf- ‘i-lu	8	تَسْتَفْعِلُانِ   tas-taf- ‘i-laa-ni	12	تَسْتَفْعِلْوْنَ   tas-taf- ‘i-loo-na
	female	14	تَسْتَفْعِلُينَ   Tas-taf- ‘i-lee-na	9	تَسْتَفْعِلُانِ   tas-taf- ‘i-laa-ni	13	تَسْتَفْعِلُنَ   tas-taf- ‘il-na
Speaker 1st person	Male/female	4	اَسْتَفْعِلُ   as-taf- ‘i-lu	5	نَسْتَفْعِلُ   Nas-taf-’i-lu

Table 91 - Form X -  اِسْتَفْعَلَ/ يَسْتَفْعِلُ is-taf-a-la/yas-taf-i-lu Examples

Qur’anic Example	four alphabet form VII past/imperfect/ Infinitive and Infinitive meaning	three alphabet Form I past/imperfect/ Infinitive and Infinitive meaning	three alphabet root with form
Yaseen - Verse 67   فَمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا مُضِيًّا وَلَا يَرْجِعُونَ   So, they would not be able to proceed, nor could they return	اِسْتَطَاعَ/ يَسْتَطِيْعُ/ اِسْتِطَاعَةً   Is-ti-ta-‘a/yas-ta-tee-‘u/is-ti-taa-‘atan   to be able to / can / capable of	طَاعَ/ يَطُوْعُ/ طَاعَةً   Taa-‘a/ya-too-‘u/taa-‘atan   to obey/comply/ conform/be obedient willingly	ط و ع ن
An-Nisaa - Verse 106   وَاسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمً   And seek forgiveness of Allah. Indeed, Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful.	اِسْتَغْفَرَ/ يَسْتَغْفِرُ/ اِسْتِغْفَارًا   Is-tagh-fa-ra/yas-tagh-fi-ru/is-tigh-faa-ran   to seek / ask for forgiveness / pray for pardon	غَفَرَ/ يَغْفِرُ/ مَغْفِرَةً، غُفْرَانًا   Gha-fa-ra/ygh-fi-ru/magh-fi-ra-ta, guf-ra-nan   to forgive / pardon / cover / conceal / rectify	غ ف ر ض
Al-Baqara - Verse 34   وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبَىٰ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ   And [mention] when We said to the angels, "Prostrate before Adam"; so they prostrated, except for Iblees. He refused and was arrogant and became of the disbelievers.	اِسْتَكْبَرَ/ يَسْتَكْبِرُ/ اِسْتِكْبَارًا     Is-tak-ba-ra/yas-tak-bi-ru/ist-tik-baa-ran   to try to show arrogance/seek own greatness /proud /boastful	كَبُرَ/ يَكْبُرُ/ كِبْرًا   Ka-bu-ra/yak—bu-ru/kib-ran   to be big, great / grow / be a big deal / be older	ك ب ر ك،ن
Ash-Shura - Verse 38   وَالَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِرَبِّهِمْ   And those who have responded to their lord	اِسْتَجَابَ/ يَسْتَجِيْبُ/ اِسْتِجَابَةً   Is-ti-jaa-ba/yas-ta-jee-bu/is-tejaa-ba-tan   to try to respond/comply with/accede to/listen to	جَابَ/ يَجُوْبُ/ جَوْبًا   Jaa-ba/ya-joo-bu/jow-ban   to travel / explore / pierce / bore	ج و ب ن
Al-Baqara - Verse 15   اللَّهُ يَسْتَهْزِئُ بِهِمْ   [But] Allah mocks them	اِسْتَهْزِئَ/ يَسْتَهْزِئُ/ اِسْتِهْزَاءً   Is-tah-zee-a/yas-tah-zee-yu/is-teh-zaa-an   to mock / ridicule / scoff / make fun	هَزِئَ/ يَهْزَأ/ هُزُؤًا   Ha-zi-ya/yah-zaa/huzoo-wan   to mock / make fun / string along	ه ز ء س
As-Saaffaat - Verse 176 أَفَبِعَذَابِنَا يَسْتَعْجِلُونَ Then for Our punishment are they impatient?	اِسْتَعْجَلَ/ يَسْتَعْجِلُ/ اِسْتِعْجَالًا   Is-ta’-ja-la/yas-ta’-ji-lu/iste’-jaa-lan   to be busy / rush / hasten / wish to hasten	عَجِلَ/ يَعْجَلُ/ عُجْلَةً   ‘a-jila/ya’-ja-lu/’uj-la-tan   to be in a hurry/speed /hasten /not wait patiently	ع ج ل س
At-Tawba - Verse 44   لَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ   Those who believe in Allah and the Last Day would not ask permission of you	اِسْتَـْٔذَنَ/ يَسْتَأْذِنُ/ اِسْتِئْذَانًا   Is-te-za-na/yas-taa-zi-nu/is-te-zaa-nan   to seek permission	أَذِنَ/ يَأْذَنُ/ إِذْنًا   e-za-na/ya-za-nu/ez-nan   to permit/allow/ learn	ء ذ ن س
At-Takwir - Verse 28 لِمَن شَاءَ مِنكُمْ أَن يَسْتَقِيمَ   For whoever wills among you to take a right course	اِسْتَقَامَ/ يَسْتْقِيْمُ/ اِسْتِقَامَةً   Is-te-qaa-ma/yas-ta-qee-mu/is-te-qaa-ma-tan   to straighten up/stand upright/become straight/be right, proper/pursue a correct course of action and not deviate	قَامَ/ يَقُوْمُ/ قِيْامًا     Qaa-ma/ya-qq-mu/qa-yaa-man   to get up/ stand up/exist /watch over / be in charge	ق و م ن
Al-Baqara - Verse 26   إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي أَن يَضْرِبَ مَثَلًا مَّا بَعُوضَةً   Indeed, Allah is not shy to present an example - that of a mosquito	اِسْتَحِىْ/ يَسْتَحيِي/ اِسْتِحْيَاءً   Is-ta-hee/yas-ta-hee/is-teh-yaa-an   to feel shy/ ashamed of/ embarrassed/ let live/ keep alive	حَيَّ / يَحيٰي/ حَيْاةً   Haiy-ya/yah-ya/ha-yaa-tan   to live / be alive	ح ي ي س
Saba - Verse 33   وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اسْتُضْعِفُوا لِلَّذِينَ اسْتَكْبَرُوا   Those who were oppressed will say to those who were arrogant	اِسْتَضْعَفَ/ يَسْتَضْعِفُ/اِسْتِضْعَافًا   Is-tad-‘a-faa/yas-tad-‘i-fu/is-ted-‘a-fan   to incapacitate /make helpless/ persecute /oppress/deem weak	ضَعُفَ/ يَضْعُفُ/ ضُعْفًا   Da-‘u-fa/yad-‘u-fu/du’-fan   to be weak / feeble / frail / deficient	ض ع ف ك
Aal-Imran - Verse 171 يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ بِنِعْمَةٍ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَفَضْلٍ   They receive good tidings of favor from Allah and bounty	اِسْتَبْشَرَ/ يَسْتَبْشِرُ/ اِسْتِبْشَارًا   Is-tab-sha-ra/yas-tab-shi-ru/is-teb-shaa-ran   to rejoice / be delighted / be congratulated	بَشَرَ/ يَبْشِرُ/ بُشْرًا   Ba-sha-ra/yab-shi-ru/bush-ran   to rejoice/be delighted/ sprout/be manifest/peel	ب ش ر ض،س