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9/12.6 - Form V. تَفَعُّلًا tafa’u-lan

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  Section 12.6 - Form V. تَفَعُّلًا tafa’u-lan   Form 4 is called تَفَعُّلًا  ( tafa’u-lan ) .   Past tense of this form is تَفَعَّلَ ( ta-fa’-ala ) and imperfect tense is يَتَفَعَّلُ ( ya-ta-fa’-alu ) and its source ( Masdar ) is تَفَعُّلًا tafa’u-lan . The benefit of this form is that it also changes the meaning of the Verb from normal action to that of an action with effort/preparation for the purpose of getting something for yourself. For example, عَلِمَ a-li-ma  to تَعَلَّمَ ta’al-la-ma . عَلِمَ ali-ma means to know . When changed to تَعَلَّمَ , ta-al-la-ma it means to learn.  
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9/12.7 - Form VI. تَفَاعُلًا ta-faa-'ul

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Section 12.7 - Form VI. تَفَاعُلًا ta-faa-ul   Form V is called تَفَاعُلًا  ( ta-faa- ‘ ul ) .   Past tense of this form is تَفَاعَلَ ( ta-faa-'ala ) and imperfect tense is يَتَفَاعَلُ ( ya-ta-faa-‘a-lu ) and its source ( Masdar ) is تَفَاعُلًا ta-faa-‘u-lan . The benefit of this form is that it also changes the meaning of the Verb from normal action to that of an action with effort/preparation for the purpose of getting something for yourself. For example, نَصَرَ na-sa-ra to تَنَاصَرَ ta-na-sa-ra . نَصَرَ na-sa-ra means to help . When changed to تَنَاصَرَ ta-na-sa-ra , it means to help each other. The inflections for this are shown in the table below:  
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9/12.8 - Form VII - اِفْتِعَالًا if-ti-'aa-lan

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Section 12.8 - Form VII. اِفْتِعَالًا if-ti-'aa-lan   Form VI is called اِفْتِعَالًا if-ti-'aal-an . Past tense of this form is اِفْتَعَلَ if-ta-'ala and imperfect tense is يَفْتَعِلُ yaf-ta-'i-lu and its source Masdar is اِفْتِعَالًا if-ti-'aa-lan . The benefit of this form is that it also changes the meaning of the Verb from normal action to that of an action with effort/preparation for the purpose of getting something for yourself. For example, كَسَبَ ka-sa-ba to اِكْتَسَبَ ik-ta-sa-ba . كَسَبَ ka-sa-ba means to earn / gain / gather / profit / acquire / achieve. When changed to اِكْتَسَبَ ik-ta-sa-ba , it means to acquire / earn (through hardship).   The inflections for this are shown in the table below:  
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9/12.9 - Form VIII - اِنْفِعَالًا in-fi-'aa-lan

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Section 12.9 - Form VIII. اِنْفِعَالًا in-fi-aa-lan   Form VII is called اِنْفِعَالًا ( in-fi-‘aal-an ) .   Past tense of this form is اِنْفَعَلَ ( in-fi-‘a-la ) and imperfect tense is يَنْفَعِلُ ( yan-fa-‘i-lu ) and its source ( Masdar ) is اِنْفِعَالًا in-fi-‘aa-lan . The benefit of this form is that it also changes the meaning of the Verb from transitive Verb فِعلُ الْمُتَعَدِّىْ ( feil-ul mu-ta-ad-di ) to a فِعْلُ اللَّاَزِمِ feil-ul laazim (intransitive). For example, كَسَرَ ka-sa-ra to اِنْكَسَرَ in-ka-sa-ra . كَسَرَ ka-sa-ra means to break . When changed to اِنْكَسَرَ in-ka-sa-ra , it means to be broken. The inflections for this are shown in the table below:  
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9/12.91 - Form X. اِسْتِفْعَالًا Istef-‘alan

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  Section 12.10 - Form X. اِسْتِفْعَالًا Istef-‘alan   Form VIII is called اِسْتِفْعَالًا ( is-tef-‘aa-lan ) .   Past tense of this form is اِسْتَفْعَلَ ( is-taf-‘ala ) and imperfect tense is يَسْتَفْعِلُ  ( yas-taf-‘ilu ) and its source ( Masdar ) is اِسْتِفْعَالًا . The benefit of this form is that it also changes the meaning of the Verb from normal action to that of an action with requesting/asking something for yourself. For example, غَفَرَ gha-fa-ra to اِسْتَغْفَرَ is-tagh-fa-ra . غَفَرَ gha-fa-ra means to forgive . When changed to اِسْتَغْفَرَ is-tagh-fa-ra , it means to ask for forgiveness. The inflections for this are shown in the table below:
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9/13.0 - Types of Nouns and Derivatives اَلْمُشْتَقَّاتُ

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    Types of Nouns Nouns are divided into three types:   a.      The Source (Verbal Source اَلْمَصْدَرُ ) This is technically a          part of the Derivative called  المُشْتَق مِنْهُ and المُشْتَق points to          it. b.      The Derivative اَلْمُشْتَقُّ c.       Rigid اَلْجَامِدُ .  Now, let us describe these in more detail. A.      The Source اَلْمَصْدَرُ  
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9/13.1 - Derivative 1 Subject Noun اِسْمُ الْفَاعِلِ

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  Section 13.0 – Introduction To The Derivatives الْمُشْتَقَّ ا ت ُ   As we mentioned in chapter 3, There are two classes of Nouns in general. There are words that are made with certain rules using the root alphabets. These are called the Derivates or اَلْمُشْتَقَّاتُ al-mush-taq-qaa-tu . And then there are Nouns which do not follow any rules and we are dependent on the way native speakers use them. These are called Rigid or جَامِدٌ jaa-mi-dun . This chapter covers the Derivatives اَلْمُشْتَقَّاتُ al-mush-taq-qaa-tu and some of the derivates. There are 9 derivatives commonly used. Following section describe these nouns. This is a subject that one should carefully study and remember, because when you find nouns in the Qur'an, you have to figure out which class it belongs.  
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9/13.2 - Derivative 2 Object Noun اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُوْلِ is-mul maf’ooli

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  Section 13.2 - Derivative 2 Object Noun اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُوْلِ is-mul maf’ooli   Object Noun is a derivative of a root which defines the object of an act. For example, words like the one what was heard, read, spoken, work was done, who was helped, who drank etc. Below is a list of Verbs and object Nouns used in Qur’an extensively:   The scale of مَفْعُوْلٌ maf-’oo-lun , for example مَضْرُوْبٌ mad-roo-bun meaning the one who was hit.  
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9/13.3 – Derivative 3 Noun of Circumstance اِسْمُ الْظَّرْفِ

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  Section 13.3 – Derivative 3 Noun of Circumstance اِسْمُ الْظَّرْفِ ismul-zar-fi   This is a derivative that has the meaning of time or place when an act is happening. When, the act has time associated with it, then it is called - Noun for Time اِسْمُ الزَّمَانِ ismuz-za-maa-ni , and if the act is associated with a place where the act is happening then it is called Noun for Place اِسْمُ الْمَكَانِ ismul-ma-kaa-ni .   Usually, these Nouns are on a scale of مَفْعَلٌ maf-a-lun but there are some which use the scale of مَفْعِلٌ . Maf-i-lun . The plural is always with the scale of مَفَاعِلُ ma-fa-i-lun . A few examples are given below.
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9/13.4 – Derivative 4 Adjective Noun اَلصِّفَةِ اِسْمُ

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  Section 13.4 – Derivative 4 Adjective Noun اَلصِّفَةِ   اِسْمُ is-mus-sif-fa-ti   This is a Noun that is used to describe a quality. This includes colors اَلْوَانٌ al-waa-nun and defects that have separate scales عُيَوْبٌ ‘ uyoo-bun . Some of the scales that are used commonly are described below.   Meaning Example Scale Blissful, delighted سَعِيْدٌ   Say-‘eed-un فَعِيْلٌ   Fa-‘ee-lun abundant كَثِيْرٌ   Ka-thee-run Despotic, tyrant ظَلُوْمٌ     Za-loo-mun فَعُوْلٌ   Fa-’oo-lun Uneducated, ignorant جَهُوْلٌ   Ja-hoo-lun Trustworthy, reliable صَدُوْقٌ     Sa-doo-qun Cheerful, happy فَرحَانُ   Far-haa-nu فَعْلَانُ   Fu’-laa-nu Angry, annoyed غُضْبَانُ     Ghuz-baa-nu Exhausted, fatigued تَعبَانُ   ...
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9/13.5 - Derivative 5 Superlative/Comparative Noun اِسْمُ التَّفْضِيْلِ

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  Section 13.5 - Derivative 5 Superlative/Comparative Noun اِسْمُ التَّفْضِيْلِ ismut-taf-deeli   This Noun is divided into two forms. One is Comparative التًّفْضِيْلُ الْبَعْضُ at-taf-deel-ul ba’-adu and the other is Superlative التَّفْضِيْلُ الْكُلُّ at-taf-deel-ul kul-lu .   1.      Comparative Nouns اَلتًّفْضِيْلُ الْبَعْضُ at-taf-deel-ul ba’-ad u are used generally for comparing the attributes of two described Nouns. For example, Zaid is faster than Amr or Hamid is smarter than Mahmoud. Comparative Noun in Arabic for masculine gender has the scale of af-alou أَفعَلُ af-‘alu and for the feminine gender is fou-laa فُعْلٰى fu’-laa .
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9/13.6 – Derivative 6 Noun of Exaggeration اِسْمُ الْمُبَالَغَةِ

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  Section 13.6 – Derivative 6 Noun of Exaggeration اِسْمُ الْمُبَالَغَةِ Ismul mubaa-lagha-ti  
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1.0a - Introduction to Quranic Arabic Grammar For Beginners

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    بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem   Introduction    In the name of Allah, the most beneficent and merciful and peace and blessings be upon His noble messenger Mohammed Sallallahu alaihi wa Sallam. Ilm-us-sarf, or word morphology, is the first step in learning Arabic. It is the science of word origins. For example, the word Sarf has many meanings, but as applied to Arabic grammar, it is defined as changing a root word into different forms to create an intended meaning. As you will learn in this book, 99% of Arabic words start from a three-alphabet root word, then are changed into different forms to create different meanings. These rotations of the root word are called ( تَصْريْفٌ ) tas-reef or inflections.  It is considered in the Arab culture that city-dwellers do not speak as good Arabic as the nomads (who are known as Bedouins ( اَلْبَدْوُ ) al-bad’u. It is said that “the best speakers of Arabic are those who live d...
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1.0 - Why Learn Arabic?

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بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ الْحَمْدُ للّٰهِ وَ كَفٰى وَ سَلَامٌ عَلٰى عِبَادِهِ الَّذِيْنَ اصْطَفٰى All praise and thanks to Allah and He is suffice (for us) and peace be upon His servant Mohammed (Sallalahu Alaihi wa Sallam) whom He chose. The Qur'an is a book of knowledge and wisdom. This is where our Creator is telling us how to live our lives. We recite parts of it in our salah. Understanding what we are reciting in our prayers and implementing it in our lives is critical. We need to learn enough Arabic to understand what our Creator is telling us and practice it. We do not have to be an Arabic or the Qur'an scholar but need to know enough to understand the only connection we have with Allah Subha-nahu wa Ta'ala.   Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: "Love the Arabic Language because I am an Arab and Qur'an is in Arabic and language of people of Jannah is Arabic." Omar bin Khattab (RA) said: "Learn Arabic because it is from your religion"...
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Nahw Meer English: 1.4/1.5 - Sentences/Signs of Word Types

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      Section 1 . 4 – Sentences فَصْلٌ ١. ٤ – جُمْلَةٌ   A sentence جُمْلَةٌ must include at least two words كَلِمَاتٌ . Each word can be explicit لَفْظًا , that is, spelled out, as in ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ meaning “Zaid hit” and زَيدٌ قَائمٌ meaning Zaid is standing; or Implicit تَقْدِيرًا i.e. hidden, as in اِضْرِبْ meaning “ hit!” command, in which Pronoun أَنْتَ meaning "you" is Implicit. A sentence often consists of more than two words كَلِمَاتٌ and there is no limit to the number of words كَلِمَاتٌ in a sentence.   Words in a sentence cannot be other than a Noun, Verb, or a Particle. When you see a sentence, differentiate between Nouns, Verbs, and Particles, and notice whether they are flexible مُعْرَبٌ or Inflexible مَبْنِيٌّ and whether they have active elements/Particles عَامِلٌ or the target of the action is مَعْمُوْلٌ .   By doing so, you will understand how words are joined and you will differentiate between Object مُسْنَدٌ ...
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1.1/1.2/1.3 - Alphabets/Vowels

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    Section 1.1 - Arabic Alphabets اَلْأَبْجَدِيَةُ الْعْرَبِيَّةُ       Trans-literation key   Harakah   Harakah name Transliteration alphabets َ Fathah   a as in ha ِ Kasrah i as in sin ُ Dammah u as in uno ً Tanween Fathah   an as in undo ٍ Tanween kasrah in as in sin ٌ Tanween dammah un as in uno اْ Alif/hamzah aa وْ waaw oo يْ yaa ee ْ Saakin/ Jazm ‘ عُلْ / اُلْ ul For ا ul as in full/   For ع 'ul and 'u are pronounced from the back of the throat اَلْ/عَلْ al For ا al as in hull/   For...
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Sarf and Nahw Summary: 1.0C - Contents

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    Contents Contents . 1   4 Introduction . 5 Chapter 1 – Introduction to Sarf and Nahw Summary . 8 Section 1.1 - How to start Analyzing a Quranic Verse . 8 Section 1.2 - Arabic words ( كَلِمَة ) 13 Section 1.3 - Types of Nouns . 28 a.          The Rigid/Fixed اَلْجَامِدُ . 29 b.          The Source اَلْمَصْدَرُ . 29 c.      The Derivative اَلْمُشْتَقُّ . 30 Section 1.4 - Verbs
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