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Sarf and Nahw Summary: Contents and Reading Order

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Sarf and Nahw Summary · Contents خُلَاصَةُ الصَّرْفِ وَالنَّحْوِ Every chapter of the intermediate Sarf and Nahw Summary, in reading order. It assumes the beginners' course or equivalent study. Introduction to the Sarf and Nahw Summary – Sarf & Nahw 1.0 How to Analyse a Qur'anic Verse Grammatically – Sarf & Nahw 1.1 The Arabic Word (Kalimah) and Its Types – Sarf & Nahw 1.2 Nouns: a Summary of Their Kinds and Properties – Sarf & Nahw 1.3 Verbs: a Summary of Tenses, Forms and Moods – Sarf & Nahw 1.4 Active Particles That Govern Nouns and Verbs – Sarf & Nahw 1.5a Non-Active Particles – Sarf & Nahw 1.5b The Many Uses of Waaw and Faa – Sarf & Nahw 2.0 Thumma, Aw, Am, Bal and the Other Conjunctions – Sarf & Nahw 3.0 The Kinds of Laa, Maa, La and Lammaa – Sarf & Nahw 3.1–3.3 Rules of the Nominal Sentence – Sarf & Nahw 4.1–4.3 Rules of the Verbal Sentence – Sarf & Nahw 5.1–5.4 Verbs and Their Prepositions (Silah) – Sarf & Nahw 5.5 Par...
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Introduction to the Sarf and Nahw Summary – Sarf & Nahw 1.0

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Sarf and Nahw Summary · Lesson 1.0 خُلَاصَةُ الصَّرْفِ وَالنَّحْوِ   Introduction   In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent and Merciful, and peace and blessings be upon His noble messenger Mohammed S allallahu alaihi wa Sallam.   This book briefly covers the basics of Qur’anic Grammar. It covers the basics of nouns, verbs, and particles. It goes into details of conjunction (additive) Waaw, faa, and other particles, rules, and unique features for sentences, verbs, and preposition combinations. I have also added Top 300 nouns and verbs and most used particles along with analysis of two ayahs of Surah An’aam with Sarf analysis and Nahw charts to show how it is approached.  
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How to Analyse a Qur'anic Verse Grammatically – Sarf & Nahw 1.1

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Sarf and Nahw Summary · Lesson 1.1 خُلَاصَةُ الصَّرْفِ وَالنَّحْوِ   All praise is for Allah SWT the Lord and Sustainer of the Worlds and peace and blessings on the leader of all messengers Mohammed and his ummah, his family, and his companions. M ay Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala guide you fully.   Section 1.1 - How to start Analyzing a Quranic Verse   It is assumed here that you have the knowledge of Arabic words and sentences and the rest of the books will give you a summary of what you need to know which includes knowledge of words and conjugations which is ilm us sarf and sentence construction which is ilm un nahw.  
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The Arabic Word (Kalimah) and Its Types – Sarf & Nahw 1.2

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Sarf and Nahw Summary · Lesson 1.2 خُلَاصَةُ الصَّرْفِ وَالنَّحْوِ Section 1.2 - Arabic words ( كَلِمَة )   All Arabic words ( كَلِمة ) are made up with meaning in two ways:   1) A Single word (مُفْرَد) 2) A Compound word ( مُرَكَّب ).   A single word is called ( كَلِمَةٌ ) or speech. Single words can only be one of the three:   1) Noun اِسْمٌ 2) Verb فِعْلٌ 3) Particle حَرْف  
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Nouns: a Summary of Their Kinds and Properties – Sarf & Nahw 1.3

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Sarf and Nahw Summary · Lesson 1.3 خُلَاصَةُ الصَّرْفِ وَالنَّحْوِ Section 1.3 – Nouns   A Noun is either flexible ( مُعْرَب ) or Inflexible ( مَبْنِيٌّ ). Flexible means a noun can have all three states. For example, the word Allah can be Allahu ( اللهُ ), Allaha ( اللهَ ) and Allahi ( اللهِ ).   An inflexible noun ( مَبْنيْ ) means it has only one state to represent Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive. For example, the name Musa, is Musa ( مُوْسٰى ) in Nominative, Musa ( مُوْسٰى ) also in Accusative and Musa ( مُوْسٰى ) again in Genitive.  
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Verbs: a Summary of Tenses, Forms and Moods – Sarf & Nahw 1.4

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Sarf and Nahw Summary · Lesson 1.4 خُلَاصَةُ الصَّرْفِ وَالنَّحْوِ Section 1.4 - Verbs   Note that, unlike the English language, Arabic does not have three tenses (past, present, and future). Instead, it has 1) a past tense called a perfect tense ماضِي and 2) present and future tense combined into one called Imperfect tense مُضارِع . Generally, all verbs are one of the following three major categories.    
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Active Particles That Govern Nouns and Verbs – Sarf & Nahw 1.5a

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Sarf and Nahw Summary · Lesson 1.5a خُلَاصَةُ الصَّرْفِ وَالنَّحْوِ Section 1.5 - Particles حُرُوْفٌ   Particles are of two types:   a)     active Particles حُرُوْفُ الْعَامِلَةِ b)       inactive Particles حُرُوْفٌ غَيْرُ الْعَامِلَةِ .   a.     Active Particles حُرُوْفُ الْعَامِلَةِ   Active particles: when these particles are used before a Noun or a Verb, they change the state to any of the three (Nominative/ accusative/ Genitive) for noun and (Indicative/ Subjunctive/ Jussive) for Verbs.   b.     Particles that give Genitive state to Noun
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Non-Active Particles – Sarf & Nahw 1.5b

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Sarf and Nahw Summary · Lesson 1.5b خُلَاصَةُ الصَّرْفِ وَالنَّحْوِ   Non-Active Particles حُرُوْفُ غَيْرُ الْعَامِلَةِ     Non-active particles do not have any effect on nouns or verbs. These particles are mentioned for classification purposes (being non-active) here. The meanings vary depending upon the usage. Most common are mentioned. More details are given in later pages:   - Particles of Conjunction ( حُرُوْفُ الْعَاطِفَة ) and   اَلْوَاوُ اَلْفَاء ثُمَّ حَتّٰى أَوْ إمَّا أَمْ لَا بَلْ لٰكِنَّ and and then until or or or not Nay But These particles are described in more detail later
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The Many Uses of Waaw and Faa – Sarf & Nahw 2.0

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Sarf and Nahw Summary · Lesson 2.0 خُلَاصَةُ الصَّرْفِ وَالنَّحْوِ  2.0 – Waaw and Faa Conjunction Particles   Section 2.1 - Waaw ( وَ ) Types and Examples   There are many waaw types but the most frequently used waaws in Al-Qur’an are given below.   a.      Waaw of addition/conjunction ( وَاوُ الْعَطْف ): Single word on single, plural word on plural, compound on the compound, sentence on sentence. For example, مُحَمَّدٌ حَاضِرٌ وَعَلِيٌّ غَائبٌ meaning Mohammed is present and Ali is absent.   b.     Waaw ( وَ ) of Resumption/continuation ( اِسْتِئنَافِيَة ): A compound whose first part sentence is not connected by meaning and flexibility to the second one as in ثمَّ قَضَى أجلاً وأجلٌا مُسمّىً from Surah An’aam Ayah 2, meaning “He decided on a time and a time is set”.
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Thumma, Aw, Am, Bal and the Other Conjunctions – Sarf & Nahw 3.0

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Sarf and Nahw Summary · Lesson 3.0 خُلَاصَةُ الصَّرْفِ وَالنَّحْوِ  3.0 - O ther Conjunction/Resumption particles   1.      - ثُمَّ Particle of conjunction ( حَرْف تَرَاخِيْ/ بُعْد/عَطْف ) meaning “Then, after that”.   تَرَاخِيْ : slacken, loose بُعْد : following, after عَطْف : Additive   If there is a break or time-out between the action and reaction, you use the particle ( ثُمَّ ). For example, ثُمَّ قَالَ Then (after a break), he said.   2.      - لٰكِنْ حَرْف عَطْف meaning “But”.   3.      Both ( لٰكِنْ ) and ( لٰكِنَّ ) are used as particles for amendment/retraction. Laakin ( لٰكِنْ ) is a conjunctive particle, ( لٰكِنَّ ) laakinna is a verb like a particle. These are active particles that act on nouns just like a verb. Retraction ( إسْتِدْرَاك ) is a subset of laakinna and means Particle of Amendment/ retraction . Like “but/why not” etc.  
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The Kinds of Laa, Maa, La and Lammaa – Sarf & Nahw 3.1–3.3

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Sarf and Nahw Summary · Lesson 3.1–3.3 خُلَاصَةُ الصَّرْفِ وَالنَّحْوِ 3.1 - Types of negative Laa ( لَا )   1.     Laa Nafi لَا نَفِيْ This is a simple laa and gives a negative meaning and is inactive, that is it does not change the flexibility ( إعْرَاب ) of what comes after it. This is used before a noun or a verb as in:   فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ لَا أعْبُدُ مَا تعبُدُوْنَ   2.     Laa Nafi lil-jins لَا نَفِيْ لِلْجِنْس This is laa is used for exclusivity to cover all kinds and only comes before a noun. this noun is always inflexible ( مبني ). This laa is used to indicate nouns/sentences of all kinds are covered in it.   لَا إلٰهَ إلَّا اللهُ There is no deity of any kind except Allah  
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Rules of the Nominal Sentence – Sarf & Nahw 4.1–4.3

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Sarf and Nahw Summary · Lesson 4.1–4.3 خُلَاصَةُ الصَّرْفِ وَالنَّحْوِ  Nominal Sentence Rules   4.1 - Mubtada and predicate   a.      both are always Nominative b.    If both mubtada and predicate are definite ( مَعْرِفَة ), then a pronoun called  ضَمِيْر فَصَل is brought in between and is called ( لَا مَحَلَّ لَهَا مِنَ الإعْرَابِ ) meaning There is no position for it in flexibility and it is inactive (if it is an active element).   An example would be from Luqman ayah 30:   ذَالِكَ بِأَنَّ اللهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ      “This because that Allah is the only truth or Haqq”. هُوَ was introduced to create distance between الْمُبْتَدأ ( اللهَ ) and الْخَبْر ( الْحَقُّ ).
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Rules of the Verbal Sentence – Sarf & Nahw 5.1–5.4

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Sarf and Nahw Summary · Lesson 5.1–5.4 خُلَاصَةُ الصَّرْفِ وَالنَّحْوِ  Verbal Sentence Rules   Section 5.1 - Rules for E’raab   a.    Ma’toof مَعْطُوْف and Ma’toof alaihi مَعْطُوْف عَلَيْهِ have the same ‘eraab (flexibility) b.     E’raab إِعْرَاب of a sentence is تَقْدِيْرِي (supposed) and can be any of the three Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive. c.      A sentence can be conjuncted/added to another sentence.   i)       Permanence ( دَوَام ): Both Nominal sentence and demonstrative compound indicate permanence ( دَوَام ) because they do not depend on time.   ii)        When Nominal sentence becomes a state ( حَال ), then ( الْوَاو حَالِية ) waaw haalia (called raabit رَابِط ) is not needed. If not then it becomes ( جُمْلَة مُستَقِلة ) jumla mustaqil. Haal ( حَال ) and zulhaal ( ذُوْالْحَال ) are temporary and come in a verbal sentence construction because ...
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Verbs and Their Prepositions (Silah) – Sarf & Nahw 5.5

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Sarf and Nahw Summary · Lesson 5.5 خُلَاصَةُ الصَّرْفِ وَالنَّحْوِ  5.5 -Verb and Sila (Preposition)   Verb Plus Preposition Usage فِعْلٌ + صِلَةُ الْفِعْلِ Prepositions that change the meaning of the Verb   1.     اَتَىٰ Without Preposition means “he came”.   An-Nahl - Verse 1 أَتَىٰ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ    “The command of Allah is coming”   2.     اَتَىٰ with proposition بِ means “He brought”.   Ash-Shu’raa Verse 31 قَالَ فَأْتِ بِهِ إِن كُنتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ [Pharaoh] said, "Then bring it, if you should be of the truthful."   فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِّن مِّثْلِهِ then bring a surah like this  
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Definite and Indefinite, Gender and Number – Nahw Meer 3.1–3.4

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Nahw Meer in English · Lesson 3.1–3.4 نَحْوُ مِير Section 3. 1 – Definite/Indefinite Nouns فَصْلٌ ٣. ١ - الْاِسْمُ الْمَعْرِفَةُ وَالنّكِرَة Nouns اِسْمٌ are divided into two types: Definite Noun مَعْرِفَةٌ and Indefinite Noun نَكِرَةٌ .   Definite Noun اَلْمَعْرِفَةُ : These Nouns are designed for definite things. These are of seven kinds: Personal Pronouns اَلضَّمَائرُ also called اَلْمُضْمَرَاتُ .
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The Kinds of Laa, Maa, La and Lammaa – Sarf & Nahw 3.1–3.3

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Sarf and Nahw Summary · Lesson 3.1–3.3 خُلَاصَةُ الصَّرْفِ وَالنَّحْوِ 3.1 - Types of negative Laa ( لَا )   1.     Laa Nafi لَا نَفِيْ This is a simple laa and gives a negative meaning and is inactive, that is it does not change the flexibility ( إعْرَاب ) of what comes after it. This is used before a noun or a verb as in:   فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ لَا أعْبُدُ مَا تعبُدُوْنَ   2.     Laa Nafi lil-jins لَا نَفِيْ لِلْجِنْس This is laa is used for exclusivity to cover all kinds and only comes before a noun. this noun is always inflexible ( مبني ). This laa is used to indicate nouns/sentences of all kinds are covered in it.   لَا إلٰهَ إلَّا اللهُ There is no deity of any kind except Allah  
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The Three Kinds of Arabic Words: Noun, Verb and Particle – Beginners Grammar 2.3

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Definite and Indefinite, Gender and Number – Nahw Meer 3.1–3.4

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What Is Sarf? An Introduction to Qur'anic Arabic Grammar – Beginners Grammar 1.0a

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Arabic Grammar for Beginners · Lesson 1.0a قَوَاعِدُ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِلْمُبْتَدِئِينَ   بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem   Introduction    In the name of Allah, the most beneficent and merciful and peace and blessings be upon His noble messenger Mohammed Sallallahu alaihi wa Sallam. Ilm-us-sarf, or word morphology, is the first step in learning Arabic. It is the science of word origins. For example, the word Sarf has many meanings, but as applied to Arabic grammar, it is defined as changing a root word into different forms to create an intended meaning. As you will learn in this book, 99% of Arabic words start from a three-alphabet root word, then are changed into different forms to create different meanings. These rotations of the root word are called ( تَصْريْفٌ ) tas-reef or inflections.  It is considered in the Arab culture that city-dwellers do not speak as good Arabic as the nomads (who are known as Bedouins ( اَ...
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Sentences and the Signs of Noun, Verb and Particle – Nahw Meer 1.4–1.5

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Nahw Meer in English · Lesson 1.4–1.5 نَحْوُ مِير   Section 1 . 4 – Sentences فَصْلٌ ١. ٤ – جُمْلَةٌ   A sentence جُمْلَةٌ must include at least two words كَلِمَاتٌ . Each word can be explicit لَفْظًا , that is, spelled out, as in ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ meaning “Zaid hit” and زَيدٌ قَائمٌ meaning Zaid is standing; or Implicit تَقْدِيرًا i.e. hidden, as in اِضْرِبْ meaning “ hit!” command, in which Pronoun أَنْتَ meaning "you" is Implicit. A sentence often consists of more than two words كَلِمَاتٌ and there is no limit to the number of words كَلِمَاتٌ in a sentence.   Words in a sentence cannot be other than a Noun, Verb, or a Particle. When you see a sentence, differentiate between Nouns, Verbs, and Particles, and notice whether they are flexible مُعْرَبٌ or Inflexible مَبْنِيٌّ and whether they have active elements/Particles عَامِلٌ or the target of the action is مَعْمُوْلٌ .   By doing so, you will understand how words are joined and you will di...
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How to Use the Beginners Grammar Course – Beginners Grammar 1.0b

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Arabic Grammar for Beginners · Lesson 1.0b قَوَاعِدُ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِلْمُبْتَدِئِينَ   وَكَذَلِكَ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ حُكْمًا عَرَبِيًّا  (And thus, We have revealed it as an authority in Arabic) Ar-Ra'd 13:37 This is a complete book on Arabic Grammar, from Alphabets to advanced subjects on Nouns, Verbs, and Particles. The menu is provided in the sidebar. The menu also includes items for improving your vocabulary, like the top 100 Nouns and Verbs used in the Qur'an with meaning. Later in the third book top 300 Nouns and Verbs with all Particles used in the Qur'an are listed.
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The Kinds of Laa, Maa, La and Lammaa – Sarf & Nahw 3.1–3.3

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Sarf and Nahw Summary · Lesson 3.1–3.3 خُلَاصَةُ الصَّرْفِ وَالنَّحْوِ 3.1 - Types of negative Laa ( لَا )   1.     Laa Nafi لَا نَفِيْ This is a simple laa and gives a negative meaning and is inactive, that is it does not change the flexibility ( إعْرَاب ) of what comes after it. This is used before a noun or a verb as in:   فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ لَا أعْبُدُ مَا تعبُدُوْنَ   2.     Laa Nafi lil-jins لَا نَفِيْ لِلْجِنْس This is laa is used for exclusivity to cover all kinds and only comes before a noun. this noun is always inflexible ( مبني ). This laa is used to indicate nouns/sentences of all kinds are covered in it.   لَا إلٰهَ إلَّا اللهُ There is no deity of any kind except Allah  
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