Nahw Meer English: 2.3 – Non-Declinable Noun

 

 

Section 2.3 – Non-Declinable Noun   فَصْلٌ ٢.٣ – اَلْاِسْمُ الْغيرُ الْمُتَمَكِّنُ

 

Non-Declinable Nouns اَلْاِسْمُ الْغيرُ الْمُتَمَكِّنُ are of eight types:

 

First: Personal Pronouns اَلْمُضْمَرَاتُ: As in أَنَا, ضَرَبْتُ,إِيّايَ, ضَرَبَنِيْ, لِيْare for both masculine and feminine gender Pronouns for the speaker.

 

There are seventy Personal Pronouns اَلْمُضْمَرَاتُ:

 

1)   Attached Nominative مَرْفُوْعُ الْمُتَّصِلِ: There are 14:

 

ضَرَبْتُ ضَرَبْنَا ضَرَبْتَ ضَرَبْتُمَا ضَرَبْتُمْ ضَرَبْتِ ضَرَبْتُمَا ضَرَبْتُنَّ ضَرَبَ ضَرَبَا ضَرَبُوْا ضَرَبَتْ ضَرَبَتَا ضَرَبْنَ  

 

2)   Detached Nominative مَرْفُوْعُ الْمُنْفَصِلِ: There are 14:

 

اَنَا نَحْنُ أَنْتَ أَنْتُمَا أَنْتُمْ أَنْتِ أَنْتُمَا أَنْتُنَّ هُوَ هُمَا هُمْ هِيَ هُمَا هُنَّ

 

3)   Attached Accusative مَنْصُوْبُ الْمُتَّصِلِ: There are 14:

                         

ضَرَبَنِي ضَرَبَنَا ضَرَبَكَ ضَرَبَكُمَا ضَرَبَكُمْ ضَرَبَكِ ضَرَبَكُمَا ضَرَبَكُنَّ ضَرَبَهُ ضَرَبَهُمَا ضَرَبَهُمْ ضَرَبَهَا ضَرَبَهُمَا ضَرَبَهُنَّ

 

4)   Detached Accusative مَنْصُوْبُ الْمُنْفَصِلِ: There are 14:

 

 إِيَّايَ إِيَّانَا إِيَّاكَ إِيَّاَكُمَا إِيَّاَكُمْ إِيَّاكِ إِيَّاكُمَا إِيَّاكُنَّ إِيَّاہُ إِيَّاهُمَا إِيَّاهُمْ إِيَّاهَا إِيَّاهُمَا إِيَّاهُنَّ

 

5)   Attached Genitive مَجْرُوْرُ الْمُتَّصِلِ: There are 14:

 

لِي لَنَا لَكَ لَكُمَا لَكُمْ لَكِ لَكُمَا لَكُنَّ لَهٗ لَهُمَا لَهُمْ لَهَا لَهُمَا لَهُنَّ

 

6)   There are no Detached Genitive مَجْرُوْرُ الْمُنْفَصِلِ Pronouns.

 

See the table below for details on these 70 inflections:

 

Table 1 – Pronoun Inflections

Flexibility إِعْرَابٌ	Gender جِنْسٌ	Number عَدَدٌ	Attached Nominative مَرْفُوْعُ الْمُتَّصِلِ	Detached Nominative مَرْفُوْعُ الْمُنْفَصِلِ	Attached Accusative مَنْصُوْبُ الْمُتَّصِلِ	Detached Accusative مَنْصُوْبُ اَلْمُنْفَصِلِ	Attached Genitive مَجْرُوْرُ الْمُتَّصِلِ	Attached Genitive مَجْرُوْرُ الْمُنْفَصِلِ
Speaker مُتَكَلِّمٌ	Male/ Female مُذَكَّرٌ/ مَؤَنَّثٌ	Single	ضَرَبْتُ	أَنَا	ضَرَبَنِي	إِيَّايَ	لِي	None
		Dual/Plural	ضَرَبْنَا	نَحْنُ	ضَرَبَنَا	إِيَّانَا	لَنَا	None
Present حَاضِرٌ	Male مُذَكَّرٌ	Single	ضَرَبْتَ	أَنْتَ	ضَرَبَكَ	إِيَّاكَ	لَكَ	None
		Dual	ضَرَبْتُمَا	أَنْتُمَا	ضَرَبَكُمَا	إِيَّاكُمَا	لَكُمَا	None
		Plural	ضَرَبْتُمْ	أَنْتُمْ	ضَرَبَكُمْ	إِيَّاكُمْ	لَكُمْ	None
	Female مَؤَنَّثٌ	Single	ضَرَبْتِ	أَنْتِ	ضَرَبَكِ	إِيَّاكِ	لَكِ	None
		Dual	ضَرَبْتُمَا	أَنْتُمَا	ضَرَبَكُمَا	إِيَّاكُمَا	لَكُمَا	None
		Plural	ضَرَبْتُنَّ	أَنْتُنَّ	ضَرَبَكُنَّ	إِيَّاكُنَّ	لَكُنَّ	None
Absent غَائِبٌ	Male مُذَكَّرٌ	Single	ضَرَبَ	هُوَ	ضَرَبَهُ	اِيَّاہُ	لهٗ	None
		Dual	ضَرَبَا	هُمَا	ضَرَبَهُمَا	إِيَّاهُمَا	لَهُمَا	None
		Plural	ضَرَبُوْا	هُمْ	ضَرَبَهُمْ	إِيَّاهُمْ	لَهُمْ	None
	Female مَؤَنَّثٌ	Single	ضَرَبَتْ	هِيَ	ضَرَبَهَا	إِيَّاهَا	لَهَا	None
		Dual	ضَرَبَتَا	هُمَا	ضَرَبَهُمَا	إِيَّاهُمَا	لَهُمَا	None
		Plural	ضَرَبْنَ	هُنَّ	ضَرَبَهُنَّ	إِيَّاهُنَّ	لَهُنَّ	None

 

Second: The demonstrative Pronouns أَسْمَاءُ الْإِشَارَةِ[1]:

 

ذَا، ذَانِ، ذَيْنِ، تَا، تِيْ، تُهْ، ذِہْ، ذِهِي، تِهِي، تَانِ، تَيْنِ، أُوْلَاءِ بِالْمَدِّ، أُوْليٰ بِالْقَصْرِ

 

Here, for example, ذَا in هٰذَا and ذَانِin هٰذَانِ.

 

See the table below for more details.

 

 

Table 2 – Demonstrative Pronoun Near and Far

 

	Genderجِنْسٌ	Single مُفْرَدٌ	Dualمُثَنّٰى		Plural جَمْعٌ
			Nominative رَفْعٌ	Accusative/Genitive نَصْبٌ/جَرٌّ
Nearقَرِيْبٌ	Male مُذَكَّرٌ	هٰذَا This	هٰذَانِ These two	هٰذَيْنِ These two	هٰؤُلٓاءِ These
	Female مَؤَنَّثٌ	هٰذِہِ This	هَاتَانِ These two	هَاتَينِ These two
Far بَعِيْدٌ	Male مُذَكَّرٌ	ذٰلِكَ That	ذٰنِكَ Those two	ذَيْنِكَ Those Two	اُوْلٰٓئِكَ Those
	Female مَؤَنَّثٌ	تِلْكَ That	تَانِكَ Those two	تَيْنِكَ Those two

                                                                     

Third: The Relative Pronouns أَسمَاءُالْموصُوْلَةِ:

 

اَلَّذَيْ، اَللَّذَانِ، اَللَّذَيْنِ، اَلَّذِيْنَ، اَلَّتِيْ، اَللَّتَانِ، اَللَّتَيْنِ، اَلَّاتِيْ، اَلَّوَاتِيْ، مَا، مَنْ، أَيٌّ، أَيَّةٌ

Note that Al-Quran has used two lams for dual pronouns.

 

See the table below for the details:

 

 

Table 3 – Relative Pronouns

	Single مُفْرَدٌ	Dualمُثَنّٰى		Plural جمْعٌ
		Nominative رَفْعٌ	Accusative/Genitive نَصْبٌ/جَرٌّ
Maleمُذَكَّرٌ	اَلَّذَيْ The one who	اَللَّذَانِ Those two who	اَللَّذَيْنِ Those two who	اَلَّذِيْنَ Those who
Femaleمَؤَنَّث	اَلَّتِيْ The one who	اَللَّتَانِ Those two who	اَللَّتَيْنِ Those two who	اَلَّاتِيْ، اَلَّوَاتِيْ Those who

 

-        اَلْأَلِفُ وَالَّامُ (اَلْ) meaning اَلَّذِيْ in الْفَاعِلِ اِسْمُ” Actor Noun” فَاعِلٌ and اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُوْلِ ” Object Noun” as in اَلضَّارِبُ meaning “the one who hit” and اَلْمَضْرُوَبُ meaning “the one who was hit”.

 

-        ذُوْ means اَلَّذِي in the language of Bani Tai, a tribe in Arabia. For example, جَاءَنِيْ الَّذِيْ ضَرَبَكَ is ضَرَبَكَ ذُوْ جَاءنِيْ meaning “the one who hit you, came to me”.

 

-        أَيٌّ and أَيَّةٌ are Flexibleمُعْرَبٌ

 

 Fourth: The Actor Nouns أَسْمَاءُالْأَفْعَالِ. These are of two kinds:

1)   With the meaning of Imperative Imperfect Tense Verb اَلْأَمْرُالْحَاضِرُ as in [2]رُوَيْدَ,بَلْهَ, حَيَّهَلْ, هَلُمَّ

2)   With the meaning of Past Tense Verb اَلْفِعْلُ الْمَاضِيُّ as in [3] هَيْهَاتَand شَتَّانَ.

 

Fifth: The Nouns of Sound أَسْمَاءُالْأَصْوَاتِ. These are not permanent Nouns by themselves but they provide reasoning for other meanings as in:

 أَحْ أَحْ، اُفْ، بَخَّ، نَخَّ، غَاقَ [4]

 

Sixth: The adverbs أَسْمَاءُالْظُّرُوْفِ. These are of two kinds:

 

1) Adverb of Time ظَرْفُ الزَّمَانِ:

 

إِذْ، إِذَا، مَتٰى، كَيْفَ، أَيَّانَ، أَمْسَ، مُذْ، مُنْذُ، قَطُّ، عَوْضُ، قَبْلُ، بَعْدُ

With meanings from the right: then, then, when, how, when, yesterday, Ago, Ago (also), whenever, whenever (also), before, after.

 

The last two are Non-Flexible مَبْنيٌّ when they are both Possessed part مُضَافٌ of the Possessive Compound and “Possessor مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ” part of the Possessive Compound is skipped مَحْذُوْفٌ and meaning is intended. As Allah SWTSays in The Holy Quran, Surah Ar-Room, Ayah 4:

﴿للهِ الْأَمْرُ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَ مِنْۢ بَعْدُ﴾

meaning “command in all things is for Allah before and after”. Here شَيٍّ كُلَّ meaning “all things” is skipped مَحْذُوْفٌbut the meaning is implied.

 

2) Adverb of place ظَرْفُ الْمَكَانِ:

 

حَيثُ meaning “where”, قَدَّامُ meaning “in front of”, تَحْتُ meaning “below” and فَوَقَ meaning “above” with the condition that both are Possessed مُضَافٌ, and Possessor إِلَيْهِ مُضَافٌ is skipped مَحْذُوْفٌ and meaning is intended.

 

Seventh: The hidden Demonstrative Pronoun أَسْمَاءُالْكِنَايَةِ: As in كَمْ“how many” and كَذَا “so many” and these two are used for counts; كَيْتَand ذَيْتَ are used in conversational speech as in “this and that”.

 

Eighth: The Structural Compound مُرَكَّبُ الْبِنَائيْ: As in the number أَحَدَ عَشَرَ for eleven. This has been discussed in incomplete اَلْمُرَكَّبُ الْغيْرُ الْمُفِيْدُ.

 

 

 

۞۞۞

 

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[1] These are the non-declinable type nouns.

[2] رُوَيْدَ with the meaning of give respite, بَلْهَ meaning leave , حَيَّهَلْ meaning come,هَلُمَّ meaning come.

[3] هَيْهَاتَmeaning go away, شَتَّانَ meaning parted.

[4] أَحْ أَحْimplies chest pain, اُفْ for regret, بَخَّ for happy, نَخَّ sound for making a camel sit, غَاقَ for a crows sound.